E-Primbon Febryan [oLiver]

Greetings

06.11 |

Greetings is the expression which used to address someone or other people

A.How do you greet other people ?

1        Good morning/ afternoon/evening/night/nite
2        Hello, dhina
_ hello,afgan
3        How are you ?
4        How’s life?
5        How are you getting along
6        Hi,Nurul
_ hi,dhina
7   How’s everting with you?

B. How do you introduce yourself?
1 Let me introduce my self , my name is dhina
2 Hello,I’m Kim Hyun Joong
3 Hi,I’m Afgan Syahreza.You can call me Afgan

C. How do you introduce other people ?
_ I would like to introduce Utari Dina Sari
_ I would like you to meet Debby
_ Excuse me, Let me introduce you a new friend.His name is Alexa

D. How do you close or end your conversation ?
_ Well, I should be going now. See you!
_ Well. I must be off now.I’ll talk to you !

For the example

Dhina    : Morning, Mrs deby
Mrs. Deby : Morning ,dhina .How are you ?
Dhina    : I’m fine. And Mrs ?
Mrs Deby : Fine too. Well, I must teach again in classroom .See
you dhina
Dhina    : okay .mrs. See you too . Bye-Bye

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Present Tense

06.10 |

Present Tense

The definitions of present tense:

Tho express habits,general trurths ,repeatedactions or unchanging situatuions,emotions and wishes: ‘’ I wor in London ( unchanging situation)

“ I smoke ( habit) ; ‘’ London is a large a city ( general truth) to give instructions or directions : ‘’You walk for two hundred meters,then you turn right .To express fived arrangement ,present or future : ‘’Your exam start at 08.00

Habitual actions

Example: __ Yohanes get up at 5 o’clock every morning

__ I always do my homework after dinner

Repeated actions

Example : __ We visit ourgrandma in Jakarta twite a year
__ I go to school everyday

General truth

Example : __ A week has 7 days

__ Water boils at 100 celcius degree

Nominal sentence

S + Tobe + adjective/noun /adverb
S + Tobe+ not + adjective /noun/adverb
Tobe + S + adjective /noun/ adverb

Example : ( + ) Dhina is beautiful girl
( – ) Dhina is not beautiful girl
( ? ) is Dhina beautiful girl?

Verbal sentence

S + V₁+ or s/es ( he,she,it) + O + Compliment *
S + do/does + O + Compliment
Do/does + S + O + Compliment

Example : ( + ) They watch Tv in the living room
( – ) We do not eat meat
( ? ) Do we eat meat ?

Adverb Used : always ,usually,often,never,seldom,sometimes,normally,etc

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Procedure Text

06.09 |

Procedure Text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps.It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps.This text uses simple present tense,often imperative sentence.It also uses the temporal conjunction such as : first,second,then,next,finally,etc

The generic structures of procedure text are:

Goal / aim ( or title)
Materials ( not required for all procedural texts)
Steps ( the actions that must be taken)

For the example

‘’ How to make a sandwich ‘’

( aim/ goal)

You need ( materials)

2 slices of bread
Peanut butter
A banana
Honey

What you should do are ( steps) :

Take two slices of bread
Spread peanut butter
Cut up a banana onto small slices and put them on one of the slices
Pour some honey over the bananas
Put the other slice of bread on top

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Announcement

06.06 |

Definition of announcement:

Annoucement is something said ,written,or paintend to make know what has happened( more often) what will happen.

In writing an announcement ,keep the following points:

The title/ type of event
Date /time ,place and
Contact person

For the example:

a “ Attention Please”

The student organization( osis)

Will hold a weekend camping

Next week all students are

Allwed to join it

Afgan

3 A class Excursion

We travel by bus to Situ Gunung

Days: on Friday – on Sunday

Time: at 9.a.m and at 4.p.m

Tent and floor mars will be provided but you will need a sleeping bag.You will also need a bag to carry your clothes, a water proof coat and pair of boots.Please bring your own plastic plate ,spoon and cup and backpack for emergency equipment.

3 A camping coordinator

phatony

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06.05 |

Definition of advertisement :

Advertising is a communication whose is to inform potential costumers about to generic increased consumption of those product and service through the creation and reinforcement of brand loyalty.For these purposes advertisement often contain both factual information and persuasive messages.Every major medium is used to deliver these messages,including,television,radio,movies,magazines,newspaper,video games,the internet and billboards.Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company.

In short,advert

Information for persuading and motivation people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.

Function of advertisement

a.Promotion

b.Communication

c.Information

In making an advertisement keep the following points :

1.Language of advertisement :

Using the correct or suitable words
Using the interesting and suggestive expression
Using positive expression
Text of advertisement should be directed to goal

2.Content of advertisement :

Objective and honest
Brief and clear
Not mocking to group or other producer
Attractive attention

Advertisement How 2 meaning :

Advertisement is a comerical solicitation designed to sell some commodity,service or similar.Companies try to sell their product using.
Advertisement is a public notice the city council placed an advertisment in the local newspaper in informs it residents of the forthcom in road works

Advertisment is refers to all people many advertisment are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and service through the creation and reinforcement of brand image ” N ” barand loyality

For the example:

‘’ Find the correct spelling “

And pronunciation more than 80,000 word with this

Electronic dictionary

Made of strong plastic.

Comes in two colors: Dark Gray and Ligth Blue

$ 104.50.

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Appointment

06.02 |

APPOINTMENT

Definition of appointment:

Appointment tell about agreement for meeting it is good to make an appointment before you meet or people.

1.Making an Appointment

Can I come and see you ?
I want to make an appointment to see
I ‘ll be there

2.Accepting an Appointment

Be there on time
It’s a deal
I’ll wait for you

3.Canceling an Appointment

I’m sorry ,I ‘m very busy
I ‘m terrible sorry I have to put off my Appointment

4.Changing an Appointment

What about……………( Tuesday at.04.00.p.m)
Do you have another time this afternoon
Well,I must be off now .I’ll talk to you later.

For the example of dialogue about Appointment

Dhina : Hi,can I talk to Afgan ?

Afgan : Ya ,it’s me .Who is talking ?

Dhina : I ‘m Dhina .Sorry to disturb you

Afgan : No problem.What’s up ?

Dhina : Well,you like to accompany me to Gary’s House this afternoon?

Afgan : Yeah.I can

Dhina : Okay .I will pick up you at.5.p.m

Afgan : Ok .I wait You.

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Invitation

06.00 |

INVITATION

Invitation tell about how to invite or ask someone to come along or join a particular program or activity.

How to invite someone

I would like you to
Whould you like to….?
Shall we…………..?
Let’s have dinner together with me tonight

How to accept an Invitation

All right!
I will come
I would love to

How to refuse / decline an Invitation

I’m afraid .I can’t
That’s very kind of you,but……………..
I can’t for now because I ‘m busy………………………..

For the example of dialogue about Invitation

Dhina : Hi, don.What are you doing tonight ?

Doni : I wiil just stay at home

Dhina : Well,whould you like to come my birthday tonight?

Doni : Oww, you are going to celebrate your birthday, what time?

Dhina : At .06.00.p.m .Don’t be Late

Doni : All right .Thankz for you invite me

Dhina : Okay.See you tonight .Good bye

Doni : Good bye too

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Happiness Expression

05.58 |

Happiness Expression

Definition of Happiness Expression :

Happiness Expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings

What is happiness ?

It is important to first understand that the term ‘’happiness ‘’ refers to the emotion ,mood ,and state of happiness ,however researchers generally study the more enduring ‘’state”
Expression happiness is used to expression happiness feelings when we are successful to do something.

What would you say to express you happiness ?

I’m happy because……….
Fantastic
Great
My life’s fun of happy day
You make me happy
I’m so glad that you
I like ……..
I love……..
I’m statistied with
I’m pleased with
Congratulation !!

We can happiness expression of by :

Word( kata-kata)
Gestures ( gerakan )

For the example of dialouge about happiness expression:

Nhya : What do you accept from your birthday ,dhina?

Dhina : Fantastic ,I can a new bag from my father. That’s new bag .

It is very good

Nhya : Oh, I ‘m happy too hear it.

Dhina : Thank’z ,Nhya

Nhya : You are welcome

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Gaining Attention

05.57 |

Gaining Attention

Gaining attention is a way or eexpression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want to .

If yu want to gain attention of some people you can use this:

Attention, please
May I have your attention ,please ?
Excuse me, Look here !
Listen to me ,please !
Waiter ?
I’m sorry ,but……………..
Wow really ?

** Example **

Dodi : Excuse me,mr !

Dedi : Yes,what happen ?

Dodi : Can you speak in Germany ?

Dedi : Oh, I can’t speak in Germany ,sir.I just can speak an English .I’m sorry

Dodi : Okay .Thank you sir.

Dedi : You are welcome.

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Sympathy Expression

05.54 |

Sympathy Expression

The definition of sympathy Expression :

Sympathy Expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition .By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern or carefulness on other people ‘s condition.

How can we give sympathy expression to someone :

We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short message service ( sms ), e-mail,television ,radio ,and newspaper if he /she who got the trouble is far from us.

Several expression of sympathy :

I ‘m so sorry to haer that
I’m awfully sorry about……….
Oh ,how awfully
Oh, dear !
How pity you are !

Example of dialogue that expression :

Mr Afgan : You know that ? David has lost contact with his friend

Asraf : I’ m awfully sorry about information it.

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Giving Intructions

05.50 |

Giving Intructions

Giving Intruction is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we instruct or request.

The example expression of giving instructions

Open your book
Close the door ,please !
Stand up ,please
Be quiet,please
Move them chair

1.We use as commanding word in the from of infinite

Without to : _ strand up

_ clean the room

2.We use be + adjective ,or noun or adverb

_ be careful

_ be on time

3.We use the word don’t + verb infinite without

To : _ don’t move !

_ don’t do it !

4. We use word please at beginning or at the end of an instruction to make it sounds more polite,for

Example : _ love me please

_ keep silent,please

Note : the tense used in giving instruction is ‘’ simple present ‘’

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Recount Text

05.47 |

Recount Text

The definition of Recount Text :

Recount text is a text that is used to retell event for the purpose of informing or entertaining.

The generic structures of Recount text are :

Orientation ( its gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved where it happened ,when it happened)
Events ( a series of events ordered in a chronological sequence )
Re-orentation ( restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident)

The significant lexicogrammatical features :

Uses of simple past tense
Uses of temporal conjuctions ( when ,after,before,next,later,then)
Uses of personal pronoun ( I and We )

For the example of Recount text :

“ A visit to a sheep property “

Last holiday.I visited a sheep property .I helped in the shearing sheds an the yards .On the first day the Merino wethers were crutched.I helped by sweeping up after the rouseabout picked up the wool pieces shearers start early ( at 7.30 a.m )

After lunch,we started shearing the lambs .There were more than 400 so we didn’t finish until the next day.Once again I was sweeping and picking up dags.I was tired by the end of the day in the shed but our work wasn’t finished.We all had to help to get the wethers and lambs back into the paddocks.

As well ,we had to get a mob of ewes and their lambs into the yard for shearing the next day.Then it was time for tea ( that’s what my nanna calls dinner ).This was a very long day but I enjoyed it a lot.

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Narrative Text

05.44 |

Narrative text

Narrative text is a text that is used for the purpose of entertaining or amusing, creating ,stimulating emotions,motivating,guiding and teaching the readrs or the listeners and it usually deals with actual or vicious experience .

Narrative text such as : fable ( Mouse Deer and Crocodile ),legend/folk tables ( Sangkuriang ,Malin Kundang ),Fairy Tale ( Cinderella,Snow White ,Pinochio )

The generic of Narrative text :

Orientation : It sets the scene and introduces the participants ( it answer the questions = who,when,what,where )
Evaluation : A stepping back to evaluate the plight ( the information about the narrator’s point of view ) .It’s optional.
Complication : A crisis or a problem arises.It usually involves the main characters
.Resulation : A solution to the problem ( for better or worse ) main characters find ways to solve the problem.

Some important point in the story of narrative text are :

It uses temporal conjunction : ex once upon a time ,before,after,etc.
It uses simple past tense       : ex there lived a……….one day…there was …etc

For the example of Narrative text :



                 “ Island Rote “

Rote is small but a fertile island.Rote is located at the province of east Nusa Tenggara .There wasn’t any big town on the island ,but a small village.Not very far from that village ,there was a small hut.A woman and her grand daughter lived in that hut.Every day the grand daughter was away,then she got busy in the kitchen cooking rice.In the afternoon both of them cooked the fish .When the meals were ready ,both are ravenously.

One day,the old woman told her grand daughter ,” My grand daughter from now on please cook one grain of rice only a day .Please don’t forget about it,” said the grand daughter earnestly then the girl got busy with the cooking.After a short time ,she time ,she went to see whether the rice was well cooked .When she opened the lid of the cooking pot ,the content overflowed.

The girl time franticallt to catch the flowing rice with a bowl .But the rice continuosly overflowed.The girl got more franticly seeing the rice flood ,the entire floor of the hut.The rice even flooded the garden outside .Crying,the girl ran out of the hut to look for her grand mother.On her way to beach ,the girl ran into her grand mother.She told everthing about the incident.Her grand mother got very mad at the because she didn’t obey her .The girl cried out for mecy.Her grand mother ,unfortunately ,kept on beating her.Suddenly the girl disappreared in a thin cloud .Not long after wards ,the could deared a away and thereb appeared a monkey .The girl has changed into a monkey.

“ Now .Grand mother,you are all by yourself.Nobody else is going to cook the rice ,prepare the coffee ,and tall with you,”said the monkey.The grand mother got lost in receive .She deeply regretted what she did

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Past Tense

05.37 |

Past tense is to tell the events or incidents at the past time.

Past tense is used :

When the speaker thinks of an activity or state as occurred and complete at a specific time in the past
For a non-fact in the present or future time.This is traditionally called the” subjunctive mood “.

Example : If I had the money now,I’d buy a car.

To refer a single event on the past

Example : I called Mary last night.

The past habitual action.

Example : We went to school together,and we shared many experinces.

The Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense is kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.

Adverbs used: yesterday,last night ,last week,two days ago,a few minutes ago,last weekend ,last month ,last years,in 1984,etc

Simple past for regular verbs is added by- ed to the root of a word.

Example : She worked at the office yesterday.

A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form.

Example : She did not work at the office yesterday.

Question sentence are started with did as in Did she work at the office yesterday ?

Verbal

There are two pattern of Simple Past Tense :

1.( + ) Subject + verb II + complement

( - ) Subject + did not + verb I + complement

( ? ) Did + subject + verb I ?

Nominal

2. ( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Object

( – ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Not + Object

( ? ) To be ( was/ were ) + Subject + Object ?

Past Continuonus Tense

Past Continuonus Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain in the past.

As with the present tense,the continuous aspect that the activity is in progress ,or that it is uncompleted ,at the specified time.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + verb – ing + complement

( - ) Subject + was not / were not + verb- ing + complement

( ? ) Was/were + subject + verb-ing + complement ?

Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + had + verb III + complement

( – ) Subject + had not + verb III + complement

( ? ) Had + subject + verb III + complement ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is like the past perfect tense ,but it expresses longer actions in the past.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + Had + been + verb –ing + complement

( - ) Subject + Had + not + been + verb-ing + complement

( ? ) Had + subject + been + verb –ing + complement ?

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past prefect tense

05.31 |

Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an Action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed of finished certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to Express an Action or an event that had happened before that other event or actionhappened.

Formula of Verbal Sentence:

(+) SUBJECT + HAD + V3

(- ) SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + V3

(? ) HAD + SUBJECT + V3?

Example:

+ She had put my book on the table last nigth.

- She had not put my book on the table last night.

? Had she put my book on the table last night?

Formula of Nominal Sentence

(+ )SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN+ NON VERB

(- )SUBJECT + HAD +NOT + BEEN+ NON VERB

(?) HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN+ NON VERB?

Example:

+ I had been there when the accident hapenned.

- I had not been Three when the accident hapenned.

? Had had been there when the accident hapenned?

**note**

I had = I’d

You had = You’d

We had = We’d

They had = they’d

He had = he’d

She had = She’d

It had = It’d

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E-Primbon Febryan [oLiver]

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Greetings

Present Tense

Procedure Text

Announcement

Advertisement

Appointment

Invitation

Happiness Expression

Gaining Attention

Sympathy Expression

Giving Intructions

Recount Text

Narrative Text

Past Tense

past prefect tense